فرناندو پسوآ
Fernando António Nogueira Pessoa was a poet and writer.
It is sometimes said that the four greatest Portuguese poets of modern times are Fernando Pessoa. The statement is possible since Pessoa, whose name means ‘person’ in Portuguese, had three alter egos who wrote in styles completely different from his own. In fact Pessoa wrote under dozens of names, but Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis and Álvaro de Campos were – their creator claimed – full-fledged individuals who wrote things that he himself would never or could never write. He dubbed them ‘heteronyms’ rather than pseudonyms, since they were not false names but “other names”, belonging to distinct literary personalities. Not only were their styles different; they thought differently, they had different religious and political views, different aesthetic sensibilities, different social temperaments. And each produced a large body of poetry. Álvaro de Campos and Ricardo Reis also signed dozens of pages of prose.
The critic Harold Bloom referred to him in the book The Western Canon as the most representative poet of the twentieth century, along with Pablo Neruda.
“انسان متولد نمی شود که احساس هم دردی کند بلکه به دنیا میاید تا خود باشد بنابرین مخالف همدردی و نوع دوستی است پس منحصرا خودخواه است.”
“کسی که مخالف حکومت است چون آن را طبیعی نمی داند، مخالف ازدواج، پول و تمام تصنعات اجتماعی است چون طبیعی نیستند، با کدام منطق عجیب و غریب باید از نوع دوستی و از خود گذشتگی برای دیگران یا بشریت دفاع کند زمانی که دفاع از دیگران و از خودگذشتگی نیز خود طبیعی نیستند؟”
“بودن خسته می کند، احساس کردن دردآور است، اندیشیدن متلاشی می کند.”
“هر یک از ما بیشتر از یکی است ، بسیار است، ابهام و تکرار بیهوده ی خود است.”
“سر درد دارم و دنیا درد.”
“در حیطه افکارم فرسنگها در سایه سفر کردم.”
“خستگی خشن و بی اندازه ی بودن...”
“خستگی همه ی فرضیه ها...”
“تمام زندگی نشانه شناسی مغشوشی است.”