Alain-René Lesage

Gil Blas

(1715-1735), major novel of French writer Alain René Lesage, influenced modern realistic fiction.

Alain-René Le Sage, a prolific satirical dramatist, authored the classic in making the picaresque form a European literary fashion.

A Jesuit college in Brittany well educated always quite poor and orphaned Le Sage, who studied law in Paris. Well in the literary salons, he chose a family life over a worldly one and married Marie-Elisabeth Huyard in 1694. He abandoned his legal clerkship to dedicate himself to literature and received a pension from the abbot of Lyonne, who also taught him Spanish and interested him in the Spanish theater.

Early plays of Le Sage, adaptations of Spanish models, included the highly successful adapted comedy Crispin, rival de son maître (Crispin, Rival of His Master), which the Théâtre Français performed in 1707. He aimed satire of his prose work Le Diable boiteux (1707; The Devil upon Two Sticks) of Spanish inspiration at Parisian society. The more popular Théâtre de la Foire gave Le Sage greater freedom as an author, and he composed for that company more than one hundred comédies-vaudevilles and thus considerably succeeded Molière.

Gil Blas of the earliest concerns the education and adventures of an adaptable young valet as he progresses from one master to the next. In the service of the quack Doctor Sangrado, he practices on the poorer patients and quickly achieves a perfect record of certain fatalities, equal to that of his master. In service to Don Mathias, a notorious seducer, he also learns to equal and to surpass his master. The sunnier spirit of the character effectively civilizes the picaresque tradition. Unlike most novels of the genre, it ends happily as he retires to marriage and a quiet country life.

This author died in Boulogne.