Alexandre Dumas-fils
Alexandre Dumas (fils) (son) was born in Paris, France, the illegitimate child of Marie-Laure-Catherine Labay (1794-1868), a dressmaker, and novelist Alexandre Dumas. During 1831 his father legally recognized him and ensured that the young Dumas received the best education possible at the Institution Goubaux and the Collège Bourbon. At that time, the law allowed the elder Dumas to take the child away from his mother. Her agony inspired Dumas fils to write about tragic female characters. In almost all of his writings, he emphasized the moral purpose of literature and in his play The Illegitimate Son (1858) he espoused the belief that if a man fathers an illegitimate child then he has an obligation to legitimize the child and marry the woman.
Dumas' paternal great-grandparents were a French nobleman and a Haitian woman. In boarding schools, Dumas fils was constantly taunted by his classmates. These issues all profoundly influenced his thoughts, behaviour, and writing.
During 1844 Dumas moved to Saint-Germain-en-Laye to live with his father. There, he met Marie Duplessis, a young courtesan who would be the inspiration for his romantic novel The Lady of the Camellias. Adapted into a play, it was titled in English (especially in the United States) as Camille and is the basis for Verdi's 1853 opera, La Traviata. Although he admitted that he had done the adaptation because he needed the money, he had a great success with the play. Thus began the career of Dumas fils as a dramatist, which was not only more renowned than that of his father during his lifetime but also dominated the serious French stage for most of the second half of the 19th century. After this, he virtually abandoned writing novels (though his semi-autobiographical L'Affaire Clemenceau (1867) achieved some success).
On 31 December 1864, in Moscow, Dumas married Nadjeschda von Knorring (1826 – April 1895), daughter of Johan Reinhold von Knorring and wife, and widow of Alexander, Prince Naryschkine. The couple had two daughters: Marie-Alexandrine-Henriette Dumas, born 20 November 1860, who married Maurice Lippmann and was the mother of Serge Napoléon Lippmann (1886–1975) and Auguste Alexandre Lippmann (1881–1960); and Jeanine Dumas (3 May 1867–), who married Ernest d' Hauterive (1864–1957), son of George Lecourt d' Hauterive and wife (married in 1861) Léontine de Leusse. After Naryschkine's death, he married in June 1895 Henriette Régnier de La Brière (1851–1934), without issue.
During 1874, he was admitted to the Académie française, and in 1894 he was awarded the Légion d'honneur.
Alexandre Dumas fils died at Marly-le-Roi, Yvelines, on November 27, 1895 and was interred in the Cimetière de Montmartre in Paris. His grave is, perhaps coincidentally, only some 100 metres away from that of Marie Duplessis.
“Que de routes prend et que de raisons se donne le coeur pour en arriver à ce qu'il veut !”
“Preferisco i mascalzoni agli imbecilli, perché ogni tanto si concedono una pausa.”
“...аз съм от тези, които смятат, че големите неща започват от малките. Детето е малко, но то съдържа човека, мозъкът е малък, но в него се съхранява мисълта, окото е само една точка, но обгръща пространствата.”
“Well, sir, embrace me once, as you would embrace your daughter, and I swear to you that that kiss, the only chaste kiss I have ever had, will make me strong against my love, and that within a week your son will be once more at your side, perhaps unhappy for a time, but cured forever.”
“Here is Christianity with its marvellous parable of the Prodigal Son to teach us indulgence and pardon. Jesus was full of love for souls wounded by the passions of men; he loved to bind up their wounds and to find in those very wounds the balm which should heal them. Thus he said to the Magdalen: "Much shall be forgiven thee because thou hast loved much," a sublimity of pardon which can only have called forth a sublime faith.Why do we make ourselves more strict than Christ? Why, holding obstinately to the opinions of the world, which hardens itself in order that it may be thought strong, do we reject, as it rejects, souls bleeding at wounds by which, like a sick man's bad blood, the evil of their past may be healed, if only a friendly hand is stretched out to lave them and set them in the convalescence of the heart?”
“Existenta nu mai este decat indeplinirea repetata a unei dorinte continue, sufletul nu mai este decat vestala insarcinata sa intretina focul sacru al dragostei.”
“Nu sunt apostolul viciului, dar voi fi ecoul oricarei nenorociri nobile, oriunde ii voi auzi rugile.”
“Oricât de mult ai iubi o femeie, oricâtă încredere ai avea în ea, oricare ar fi siguranța în viitor pe care ți-o dă trecutul ei, ești întotdeauna mai mult sau mai puțin gelos. Dacă ai fost îndrăgostit, cu adevărat îndrăgostit, desigur ai resimțit această nevoie de a izola de restul lumii ființa în a cărei inimă ai vrea să fii numai tu. Mi se pare că oricât ar fi de indiferentă la ceea ce o înconjoară, femeia iubită își pierde din parfumul și din armonia ei în contact cu oamenii și cu lucrurile.”
“Dorința prompt îndeplinită generează pe dată o alta.”
“Totul se găsește în puțin. Copilul e mic, dar include omul, creierul e strâmt, dar adăpostește gândirea. Ochiul nu e decât un punct, dar cuprinde spații vaste.”
“The child is small, and he includes the man; the brain is narrow, and it harbours thought; the eye is but a point, and it covers leagues”
“Hänen kasvonsa olivat vakavat ja hymynsä arvokas, ja se joka vain näki millä tavoin hän käveli saattoi sanoa samoin kuin Elleviou kerran eräästä hovinaisesta: "Tuo nainen on varmasti joko ilotyttö tai herttuatar.”
“... ja minä joka olisin halunnut kärsiä mitä hyvänsä tämän naisen vuoksi, pelkäsin että hän hyväksyisi minut liian nopeasti ja soisi minulle liian helposti rakkautensa, jonka olisin tahtonut lunastaa pitkällä odotuksella tai suurella uhrilla. (Armand Duval)”
“Her delight in the smallest things was like that of a child. There were days when she ran in the garden, like a child of ten, after a butterfly or a dragon-fly. This courtesan who had cost more money in bouquets than would have kept a whole family in comfort, would sometimes sit on the grass for an hour, examining the simple flower whose name she bore.”
“Tu, tu che non vuoi ch'io mi renda conto della tua posizione, e hai la vanità di mantenere a me la mia; tu che, conservandomi il lusso nel quale vivevo, conservi la distanza morale che ci separa; tu, infine, che non giudichi il mio affetto abbastanza disinteressato per dividere con me quello che possiedi, e basterebbe a vivere insieme felici, mentre preferisci rovinarti, schiavo di un pregiudizio ridicolo. E credi tu davvero ch'io possa paragonare una carrozza e alcuni gioielli col tuo amore? E che il mio bene consista in vanità che accontentano quando non si ha amore per nulla, ma diventano subito meschine quando si ama? Tu pagherai i miei debiti, impegnerai il tuo patrimonio e insomma mi manterrai! Quanto potrà durare tutto ciò? Due o tre mesi, e sarà troppo tardi allora vivere come ti propongo, perché allora tu dovrai accettare tutto da me, ciò che un gentiluomo non può fare. Oggi invece, con i tuoi otto o diecimila franchi di rendita, possiamo vivere. Io venderò il mio superfluo, e da questa sola vendita ricaverò duemila franchi di reddito. Affitteremo un bell'appartamento per tutti e due. L'estate andremo in campagna, non in una casa con questa, ma in una casetta che basti a due persone. Tu sei indipendente, io libera, e siamo giovani: in nome di Dio, Armando, non ricacciarmi nella vita che fui costretta a condurre un giorno.”
“I gave myself to you sooner than I ever did to any man, I swear to you; and do you know why? Because when you saw me spitting blood you took my hand; because you wept; because you are the only human being who has ever pitied me. I am going to say a mad thing to you: I once had a little dog who looked at me with a sad look when I coughed; that is the only creature I ever loved. When he died I cried more than when my mother died. It is true that for twelve years of her life she used to beat me. Well, I loved you all at once, as much as my dog. If men knew what they can have for a tear, they would be better loved and we should be less ruinous to them.”
“No matter how long I live, I shall live longer than you will love me”
“We must have done something very wicked before we were born, or else we must be going to be very happy indeed when we are dead, for God to let this life have all the tortures of expiation and all the sorrows of an ordeal.”
“We are not allowed to have hearts, under penalty of being hooted down.”
“Women sometimes allow you to be unfaithful to their love; they never allow you to wound their self-esteem.”
“One has always had a childhood, whatever one becomes.”
“Everything was believed except the truth.”
“All generalizations are dangerous, even this one.”
“The chain of marriage is so heavy that it takes two to bear it; sometimes three.”
“The difference between genius and stupidity is: genius has its limits.”