Elio Vittorini
Elio Vittorini (July 23, 1908 - February 12, 1966) was an Italian writer and novelist. He was a contemporary of Cesare Pavese and an influential voice in the modernist school of novel writing. His best-known work is the anti-fascist novel Conversations in Sicily, for which he was jailed when it was published in 1941. The first U.S. edition of the novel, published in 1949, included an introduction from Ernest Hemingway, whose style influenced Vittorini and that novel in particular.
Vittorini was born in Syracuse, Sicily, and throughout his childhood moved around Sicily with his father, a railroad worker. Several times he ran away from home, culminating in his leaving Sicily for good in 1924. For a brief period, he found employment as a construction worker in the Julian March, after which he moved to Florence to work as a type corrector (a line of work he abandoned in 1934 due to lead poisoning). Around 1927 his work began to be published in literary journals. In many cases, separate editions of his novels and short stories from this period, such as The Red Carnation were not published until after World War II, due to fascist censorship. In 1937, he was expelled from the Fascist Party for writing in support of the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War.
In 1939 he moved once again, this time to Milan. An anthology of American literature which he edited was, once more, delayed by censorship. Remaining an outspoken critic of Mussolini's regime, Vittorini was arrested and jailed in 1942. He joined the Italian Communist Party and began taking an active role in the Resistance, which provided the basis for his 1945 novel Men and not Men. Also in 1945, he briefly became the editor of the Italian Communist daily L'Unità.
After the war, Vittorini chiefly concentrated on his work as editor, helping publish work by young Italians such as Calvino and Fenoglio. His last major published work of fiction during his lifetime was 1956's Erica and her Sisters. The news of the events of the Hungarian Uprising deeply shook his convictions in Communism and made him decide to largely abandon writing, leaving unfinished work which was to be published in unedited form posthumously. For the remainder of his life, Vittorini continued in his post as an editor. He also ran a candidate on a PSI list. He died in Milan in 1966.
“Io so cosa vuol dire essere felice nella vita e la bontà dell'esistenza, il gusto dell'ora che passa e delle cose che si hanno intorno, pur senza muoversi, la bontà di amarle, le cose, fumando, e una donna in esse. Conosco la gioia di un pomeriggio d'estate a leggere un libro d'avventure cannibalesche seminudo in una chaiselongue davanti a una casa di collina che guardi il mare. E molte altre gioie insieme; di stare in un giardino in agguato e ascoltare che il vento muove le foglie appena (le più alte) di un albero; o in una sabbia sentirsi screpolate e crollare infinita esistenza di sabbia; o nel mondo popolato di galli levarsi prima dell'alba e nuotare, solo in tutta l'acqua del mondo, presso a una spiaggia rosa. E io non so cosa passa sul mio volto in quelle mie felicità, quando sento che si sta così bene a vivere: non so se una dolcezza assonnata o piuttosto sorriso. Ma quanto desiderio d'avere cose! Non soltanto mare o soltanto sole e non soltanto una donna e il cuore di lei sotto le labbra. Terre anche! Isole! Ecco: io posso trovarmi nella mia calma, al sicuro, nella mia stanza dove la finestra è rimasta tutta la notte spalancata e d'improvviso svegliarmi al rumore del primo tram mattutino; è nulla un tram: un carrozzone che rotola, ma il mondo è deserto attorno e in quell'aria creata appena, tutto è diverso da ieri, ignoto a me, e una nuova terra m'assale.”