James N. Frey

“Novel writing is like heroin addiction; it takes everything you've got.”

“Fiction can be more real to the reader than reality itself because fiction is the essence of life”

“Writer's block is real. It happens. Some days you sit down at theold typewriter, put your fingers on the keys, and nothing popsinto your head. Blanko. Nada. El nothingissimo. What you dowhen this happens is what separates you from the one-of-thesedays-I'm-gonna-write-a-book crowd.”

“It has been said that Ernest Hemingway would rewrite scenesuntil they pleased him, often thirty or forty times. Hemingway,critics claimed, was a genius. Was it his genius that drovehim to work hard, or was it hard work that resulted in worksof genius?”

“For some it is harder towrite a novel than to row a bathtub across the North Atlantic.”

“Before you go ahead with a flashback, ask yourself if you canmake the same impact on your reader through conflict in thenow of the novel. If the answer is no, then the flashback isnecessary, but remember that within the flashback all the sameprinciples of good dramatic storytelling which apply in the nowof your story—fully rounded characters, a rising conflict, innerconflicts, and so on—continue to apply.”

“Readers find most flashbacksintolerable. Yet a lot of neophyte writers flash back like mad.Why? No one but the Creator of the Universe knows for sure,but there is a likely answer: they find the conflicts in the "now"of the story produce anxiety in themselves.”

“You can kill the spell of identification just as easily as youcan create it—if you lose the readers' sympathy for the character.You can lose reader sympathy by having your character commitacts of cruelty to another character with whom the readers identifymore strongly or for whom they have strong sympathy. Youcan lose reader sympathy by having the character make dumbchoices—acting at less than maximum capacity. The idiot inthe horror story who responds to creepy noises by going intothe attic armed only with a candle is an example. You can losereader sympathy when a character seems too ordinary, is stereotyped,or doesn't struggle hard enough. The reader wants tocheer a fighter, not witness a milquetoast wallowing in, say, selfpity.”

“To set a forest on fire, you light a match. To set a character on fire, you put him in conflict.”