Dr James Pattison is a Lecturer in Politics (Specialising in Human Rights) at the University of Manchester. Before joining Manchester, he was a Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of the West of England, Bristol. His research interests concern the moral issues raised when using military force abroad, including humanitarian intervention, the responsibility to protect, and the increased use of private military companies. He has published various articles on the ethics of force, including for Ethics and International Affairs, the Journal of Military Ethics, the Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, the Journal of International Political Theory, the International Journal of Human Rights, and the Journal of Social Philosophy