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Paul Lockhart

Paul Lockhart became interested in mathematics when he was 14 (outside the classroom, he points out). He dropped out of college after one semester to devote himself exclusively to math. Based on his own research he was admitted to Columbia, received a PhD, and has taught at major universities, including Brown University and UC Santa Cruz. Since 2000 he has dedicated himself to "subversively" teaching grade-school math at St. Ann's School in Brooklyn, New York.


“Efficiency and economy simply do not make good pedagogy.”
Paul Lockhart
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“[Students] are being trained to ape arguments, not to intend them.”
Paul Lockhart
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“Teaching is not about information. It's about having an honest intellectual relationship with your students.”
Paul Lockhart
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“Mathematics is the music of reason. To do mathematics is to engage in an act of discovery and conjecture, intuition and inspiration; to be in a state of confusion—not because it makes no sense to you, but because you gave it sense and you still don't understand what your creation is up to; to have a break-through idea; to be frustrated as an artist; to be awed and overwhelmed by an almost painful beauty; to be alive, damn it.”
Paul Lockhart
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“Mathematics is the art of explanation.”
Paul Lockhart
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“The thing I want you especially to understand is this feeling of divine revelation. I feel that this structure was "out there" all along I just couldn't see it. And now I can! This is really what keeps me in the math game-- the chance that I might glimpse some kind of secret underlying truth, some sort of message from the gods.”
Paul Lockhart
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“So how does one go about proving something like this? It's not like being a lawyer, where the goal is to persuade other people; nor is it like a scientist testing a theory. This is a unique art form within the world of rational science. We are trying to craft a "poem of reason" that explains fully and clearly and satisfies the pickiest demands of logic, while at the same time giving us goosebumps.”
Paul Lockhart
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“Be honest: did you actually read [the above geometric proof]? Of course not. Who would want to? The effect of such a production being made over something so simple is to make people doubt their own intuition. Calling into question the obvious by insisting that it be 'rigorously proved' ... is to say to a student 'Your feelings and ideas are suspect. You need to think and speak our way.”
Paul Lockhart
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“It is the story that matters not just the ending.”
Paul Lockhart
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“Doing mathematics should always mean finding patterns and crafting beautiful and meaningful explanations.”
Paul Lockhart
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“In any case, do you really think kids even want something that is relevant to their daily lives? You think something practical like compound interest is going to get them excited? People enjoy fantasy, and that is just what mathematics can provide -- a relief from daily life, an anodyne to the practical workaday world.”
Paul Lockhart
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“A good problem is something you don't know how to solve. That's what makes it a good puzzle and a good opportunity.”
Paul Lockhart
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“Mental acuity of any kind comes from solving problems yourself, not from being told how to solve them.”
Paul Lockhart
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“No mathematician in the world would bother making these senseless distinctions: 2 1/2 is a "mixed number " while 5/2 is an "improper fraction." They're EQUAL for crying out loud. They are the exact same numbers and have the exact same properties. Who uses such words outside of fourth grade?”
Paul Lockhart
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“[Math] curriculum is obsessed with jargon and nomenclature seemingly for no other purpose than to provide teachers with something to test the students on.”
Paul Lockhart
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“Why don't we want our children to learn to do mathematics? Is it that we don't trust them, that we think it's too hard? We seem to feel that they are capable of making arguments and coming to their own conclusions about Napoleon. Why not about triangles?”
Paul Lockhart
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