Vasili Grossman
Born Iosif Solomonovich Grossman into an emancipated Jewish family, he did not receive a traditional Jewish education. A Russian nanny turned his name Yossya into Russian Vasya (a diminutive of Vasily), which was accepted by the whole family. His father had social-democratic convictions and joined the Mensheviks. Young Vasily Grossman idealistically supported the Russian Revolution of 1917.
When the Great Patriotic War broke out in 1941, Grossman's mother was trapped in Berdychiv by the invading German army, and eventually murdered together with 20,000 to 30,000 other Jews who did not evacuate Berdychiv. Grossman was exempt from military service, but volunteered for the front, where he spent more than 1,000 days. He became a war reporter for the popular Red Army newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda (Red Star). As the war raged on, he covered its major events, including the Battle of Moscow, the Battle of Stalingrad, the Battle of Kursk, and the Battle of Berlin. In addition to war journalism, his novels (such as The People are Immortal (Народ бессмертен) were being published in newspapers and he came to be regarded as a legendary war hero. The novel Stalingrad (1950), later renamed For a Just Cause (За правое дело), is based on his own experiences during the siege.
Grossman's descriptions of ethnic cleansing in Ukraine and Poland, and the liberation of the Treblinka and Majdanek extermination camps, were some of the first eyewitness accounts —as early as 1943—of what later became known as 'The Holocaust'. His article The Hell of Treblinka (1944) was disseminated at the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal as evidence for the prosecution.
Grossman died of stomach cancer in 1964, not knowing whether his novels would ever be read by the public.
“Il eut même le temps de comparer les mérites respectifs de l'une et de l'autre et de faire ce choix sans conséquence pratique que font presque toujours les hommes en regardant les femmes. Darenski, qui cherchait à mettre la main sur le commandant de l'armée, qui se demandait si celui-ci lui donnerait les chiffres dont il avait besoin, qui se demandait où il pourrait trouver à manger et à dormir, qui aurait aimé savoir si la division où il devait se rendre n'était pas trop éloignée et si la route qui y menait n'était pas trop mauvaise, Darenski, donc, eut le temps de se dire pour la forme (mais quand même pas seulement pour la forme): 'Celle-là!' Et il advint qu'il n'alla pas chez le chef de l'état-major mais resta à jouer aux cartes.”
“L'idée surgit brutalement. Et aussitôt, sans hésiter, il comprit, il sentit que l'idée était juste. Il vit une explication neuve, extraordinairement neuve, des phénomènes nucléaires qui, jusqu'alors, semblaient inexplicables; soudain, les gouffres s'étaient changés en passerelles. Quelle simplicité, quelle clarté! Que cette idée était gracieuse et belle! Il lui semblait que ce n'était pas lui qui l'avait fait naître, mais qu'elle était montée à la surface, simple et légère, comme une fleur blanche sortie de la profondeur tranquille d'un lac, et il s'exclama de bonheur en la voyant si belle...”