“When the people of the world all know beauty as beauty, there arises the recognition of ugliness. When they all know the good as good, there arises the recognition of evil.”

“When the world knows beauty as beauty, ugliness arises.”

“Under heaven all can see beauty as beauty only because there is ugliness. All can know good as good only because there is evil.”

“All in the world know the beauty of the beautiful, and in doing this they have (the idea of) what ugliness is;”

“When people see some things as beautiful,other things become ugly.When people see some things as good,other things become bad.”

“All difficult things in the world are sure to arise from a previous state in which they were easy, and all great things from one in which they were small.”

“The difficulty in governing the people arises from their having much knowledge.”