“The perceived world is the always-presupposed foundation of all rationality, all value, and all existence.”
Maurice Merleau-Ponty's quote highlights the critical relationship between perception and our understanding of reality. It suggests that our experiences and interpretations of the world form the basis of rational thought, ethical values, and the very essence of existence.
At its core, the statement emphasizes that perception is foundational. It implies that the way we perceive the world shapes our beliefs and actions. This aligns with Merleau-Ponty's existentialist and phenomenological perspectives, which prioritize lived experience as a primary source of knowledge.
The phrase "always-presupposed foundation" indicates that perception is not just a starting point; it is an ongoing basis for rationality and moral reasoning. This suggests that our interpretations of sensory information influence how we form judgments and values. For example, two individuals may interpret the same event differently based on their perceptual experiences, leading to conflicting rational conclusions and ethical stances.
Moreover, the assertion that this foundation pertains to "all existence" raises profound philosophical questions about objectivity and reality. If existence is contingent upon perception, then the nature of reality itself becomes subjective and multifaceted. It challenges the notion of an objective reality that exists independent of human experience, encouraging a more nuanced understanding of existence as intertwined with individual perception.
In conclusion, Merleau-Ponty's statement serves as a reminder that understanding our world—and our place within it—requires us to consider how perception fundamentally shapes our rationality and values. It invites reflection on the importance of subjective experience in constructing not only personal truths but also a collective understanding of reality.
“Courage is not a virtue or value among other personal values like love or fidelity. It is the foundations that underlies and gives reality to all other virtue and personal values. (p. 13)”
“Man, and in general every rational being, exists as an end in himself, not merely as a means for arbitrary use by this or that will: he must in all his actions, whether they are directed to himself or to other rational beings, always be viewed at the same time as an end.”
“I perceive value, I confer value, I create value, I even create — or guarantee — existence. Hence, my compulsion to make “lists.” The things (Beethoven’s music, movies, business firms) won’t exist unless I signify my interest in them by at least noting down their names.Nothing exists unless I maintain it (by my interest, or my potential interest). This is an ultimate, mostly subliminal anxiety. Hence, I must remain always, both in principle + actively, interested in everything. Taking all of knowledge as my province.”
“All war presupposes human weakness and seeks to exploit it.”
“Culture is concerned with the world of values. All cultures are irreducibly value-oriented.”