This quote by the influential economist John Maynard Keynes highlights the importance of intellectual flexibility and adaptability. Keynes emphasizes the value of responding to new evidence rather than stubbornly clinging to outdated beliefs or opinions.
The phrase suggests that true wisdom lies in the willingness to revise one’s standpoint when confronted with changing circumstances or new information. It challenges rigidity and promotes a pragmatic approach to decision-making, encouraging open-mindedness and critical thinking.
By ending with the question, "what do you do, sir?" Keynes directly engages the listener or reader, prompting self-reflection and inviting a contrast between his adaptive mindset and the potentially inflexible stance of others.
Overall, the quote underscores the dynamic nature of knowledge and the necessity of evolving one's views in light of fresh facts — a principle that is applicable across disciplines, from economics to everyday life.
“When my information changes, I alter my conclusions. What do you do, sir?”
“But my lord, when we addressed this issue a few years ago, didn't you argue the other side?" He said, "That's true, but when I get more evidence I sometimes change my mind. What do you do?”
“When somebody persuades me I am wrong, I change my mind.”
“Capitalism is the astounding belief that the most wickedest of men will do the most wickedest of things for the greatest good of everyone.”
“How can I accept the Communist doctrine, which sets up as its bible, above and beyond criticism, an obsolete textbook which I know not only to be scientifically erroneous but without interest or application to the modern world? How can I adopt a creed which, preferring the mud to the fish, exalts the boorish proletariat above the bourgeoisie and the intelligentsia, who with all their faults, are the quality of life and surely carry the seeds of all human achievement? Even if we need a religion, how can we find it in the turbid rubbish of the red bookshop? It is hard for an educated, decent, intelligent son of Western Europe to find his ideals here, unless he has first suffered some strange and horrid process of conversion which has changed all his values.”
“A study of the history of opinion is a necessary preliminary to the emancipation of the mind.”